Ashmolean Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art

‘In the middle of the enclosure surrounding the bodhi tree is the diamond throne . . . It is the place where the Buddhas attain the holy path . . . When the great earth is shaken, this place alone is unmoved.'

(Bodhgaya described by the Chinese pilgrim Hsuan-tsang, AD 630-640)

Bodhgaya in Bihar, the site of the Buddha's Enlightenment, has always been a major pilgrimage place for Buddhist monks and laymen. The former prince Siddhartha Gautama, who had left his palace to become one of India's countless wandering holy men, arrived there around 531 BC.

Although he had practised many austerities in search of the true nature of existence, he had not yet come closer to this goal. At Gaya, seated in deepest meditation beneath a fig tree, he reached final Enlightenment or Buddhahood. Attaining perfect insight into the causes of universal suffering and rebirth, he conceived the way by which all beings may escape the bondage of ignorance and passion and attain Nirvana or peace.